tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36261490848315264972024-02-08T08:15:18.410-08:00Arab BSDMohammed Farraghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09861607915978919249noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3626149084831526497.post-35631777517253233352011-05-31T20:21:00.001-07:002011-06-01T03:38:35.326-07:00ArabBSD<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Welcome To ArabBSD Blog</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">You can visit our website <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/arabbsd/">https://sites.google.com/site/arabbsd</a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>FreeBSD Installation Steps</li>
</ul><br />
<br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"></span></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="PROCEDURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><ol style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" type="1"><li class="STEP" style="line-height: 1.2;"><div style="text-align: left;">Start with your computer turned off.</div></li>
<li class="STEP" style="line-height: 1.2;"><div style="text-align: left;">Turn on the computer. As it starts it should display an option to enter the system set up menu, or BIOS, commonly reached by keys like <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">F2</b>, <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">F10</b>, <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">Del</b>, or <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">S</b>. Use whichever keystroke is indicated on screen. In some cases your computer may display a graphic while it starts. Typically, pressing <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">Esc</b> will dismiss the graphic and allow you to see the necessary messages.</div></li>
<li class="STEP" style="line-height: 1.2;"><div style="text-align: left;">Find the setting that controls which devices the system boots from. This is usually labeled as the “Boot Order” and commonly shown as a list of devices, such as <tt class="LITERAL">Floppy</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">CDROM</tt>,<tt class="LITERAL">First Hard Disk</tt>, and so on.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are booting from the CDROM then make sure that the CDROM is selected. If you are booting from a USB disk or a floppy disk then make sure that is selected instead. In case of doubt, you should consult the manual that came with your computer, and/or its motherboard.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make the change, then save and exit. The computer should now restart.</div></li>
<li class="STEP" style="line-height: 1.2;"><div style="text-align: left;">If you prepared a “bootable” USB stick, as described in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-pre.html#INSTALL-BOOT-MEDIA">Section 2.3.7</a>, then plug in your USB stick before turning on the computer.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are booting from CDROM, then you will need to turn on the computer, and insert the CDROM at the first opportunity.</div><div class="NOTE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><blockquote class="NOTE"><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="color: #990000;">Note:</b> For FreeBSD 7.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, installation boot floppies are available and can be prepared as described in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-pre.html#INSTALL-BOOT-MEDIA">Section 2.3.7</a>. One of them will be the first boot disc:<tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">boot.flp</tt>. Put this disc in your floppy drive and boot the computer.</div></blockquote></div><div style="text-align: left;">If your computer starts up as normal and loads your existing operating system, then either:</div><ol style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" type="1"><li><div style="text-align: left;">The disks were not inserted early enough in the boot process. Leave them in, and try restarting your computer.</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;">The BIOS changes earlier did not work correctly. You should redo that step until you get the right option.</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;">Your particular BIOS does not support booting from the desired media.</div></li>
</ol></li>
<li class="STEP"><div style="line-height: 1.2; text-align: left;">FreeBSD will start to boot. If you are booting from CDROM you will see a display similar to this (version information omitted):</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;">Booting from CD-Rom...</div>645MB medium detected
<div style="text-align: left;">g the boot lo</div>CD Loader 1.2
Buildi
nader arguments
<div style="text-align: left;">/LOADER... Found
Relocating the </div>Looking up /BOO
Tloader and the BTX
Starting the BTX loader
<div style="text-align: left;">internal video/keyboard
BIOS CD is</div>BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.02
Consoles
: cd0
BIOS drive C: is disk0
BIOS drive D: is disk1
<div style="text-align: left;">ootstrap loader, Revision 1.1
Loadi</div>BIOS 636kB/261056kB available memory
FreeBSD/i386
bng /boot/defaults/loader.conf
<div style="text-align: left;">a0 data=0xa4e80+0xa9e40 syms=[0x4+0x6cac0+0x4+0x88e9d]
\
</div>/boot/kernel/kernel text=0x64d
<div style="text-align: left;">a</div></pre><div style="line-height: 1.2; text-align: left;">If you are booting from floppy disc, you will see a display similar to this (version information omitted):</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; text-align: left;">Booting from Floppy...</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1;">Uncompressing ... done
</span><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1;">
BTX loader 1.00 BTX
version is 1.01
<div style="text-align: left;">video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is</div>Console: interna
l disk0
BIOS drive C: is disk1
<div style="text-align: left;">ory
FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, </div>BIOS 639kB/261120kB available me
mRevision 1.1
Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
<div style="text-align: left;">rt disk labelled "Kernel floppy 1" and press</div>/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |
Ins
<div style="text-align: left;">e any key...</div></span></pre><div style="line-height: 1.2; text-align: left;">Follow these instructions by removing the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">boot.flp</tt> disc, insert the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">kern1.flp</tt> disc, and press <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">Enter</b>. Boot from first floppy; when prompted, insert the other disks as required.</div></li>
<li class="STEP" style="line-height: 1.2;"><div style="text-align: left;">Whether you booted from CDROM, USB stick or floppy, the boot process will then get to the FreeBSD boot loader menu:</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="BOOT-LOADER-MENU" name="BOOT-LOADER-MENU"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b style="color: #990000;">Figure 2-1. FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/boot-loader-menu.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">Either wait ten seconds, or press <b class="KEYCAP" style="color: #990000;">Enter</b>.</div></li>
</ol></div></div><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="AEN1593" name="AEN1593">2.4.1.2 Booting for <span class="TRADEMARK">SPARC64</span>®</a></h3><div style="text-align: left;">Most <span class="TRADEMARK">SPARC64</span>® systems are set up to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD, you need to boot over the network or from a CDROM, which requires you to break into the PROM (OpenFirmware).</div><div style="text-align: left;">To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot message appears. It depends on the model, but should look about like:</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;">Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present</div><div style="text-align: left;">Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.</div>OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
</pre><div style="text-align: left;">If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, you need to press <b class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> or <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> on the keyboard, or send a <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> over the serial console (using for example <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> or <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) to get to the PROM prompt. It looks like this:</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;"><samp class="PROMPT">ok </samp> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PROMPT-SINGLE" name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><img alt="(1)" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/imagelib/callouts/1.png" vspace="0" /></a></div><samp class="PROMPT"><div style="text-align: left;"><samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PROMPT-SMP" name="PROMPT-SMP"><img alt="(2)" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/imagelib/callouts/2.png" vspace="0" /></a></div></samp></pre><div class="CALLOUTLIST" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
<dl compact="COMPACT" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><dt style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-start.html#PROMPT-SINGLE"><img alt="(1)" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/imagelib/callouts/1.png" vspace="0" /></a></dt>
<dd style="text-align: left;">This is the prompt used on systems with just one CPU.</dd>
<dt style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-start.html#PROMPT-SMP"><img alt="(2)" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/imagelib/callouts/2.png" vspace="0" /></a></dt>
<dd style="text-align: left;">This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit indicates the number of the active CPU.</dd></dl></div><div style="text-align: left;">At this point, place the CDROM into your drive, and from the PROM prompt, type <tt class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</div></div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="VIEW-PROBE" name="VIEW-PROBE">2.4.2 Reviewing the Device Probe Results</a></h2><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The last few hundred lines that have been displayed on screen are stored and can be reviewed.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">To review the buffer, press <b class="KEYCAP">Scroll Lock</b>. This turns on scrolling in the display. You can then use the arrow keys, or <b class="KEYCAP">PageUp</b> and <b class="KEYCAP">PageDown</b> to view the results. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Scroll Lock</b> again to stop scrolling.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Do this now, to review the text that scrolled off the screen when the kernel was carrying out the device probes. You will see text similar to <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-start.html#INSTALL-DEV-PROBE">Figure 2-2</a>, although the precise text will differ depending on the devices that you have in your computer.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INSTALL-DEV-PROBE" name="INSTALL-DEV-PROBE"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-2. Typical Device Probe Results</b></div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;">avail memory = 253050880 (247120K bytes) </div><div style="text-align: left;">Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0817000.</div>Preloaded mfs_root "/mfsroot" at 0xc0817084.
<div style="text-align: left;">at 0xc03ddcd4
md1: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entrie</div>md0: Preloaded image </mfsroot> 4423680 byte
ss at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
<div style="text-align: left;">8MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> a</div>pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1:<VIA 82C5
9t device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
<div style="text-align: left;">ontroller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0</div>isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <iSA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33
c: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0 <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci
0
<div style="text-align: left;">emovable, self powered
pci0: <unknown car</div>usb0: <VIA 83572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2
rd> (vendor=0x1106, dev=0x3040) at 7.3
dc0: <ADMtek AN985 10/100BaseTX> port 0xe800-0xe8ff mem 0xdb000000-0xeb0003ff ir
q 11 at device 8.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:04:5a:74:6b:b5
<div style="text-align: left;">rt 0xec00-0xec1f irq 9 at</div>miibus0: <MII bus> on dc0
ukphy0: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus0
ukphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> p
o device 10.
0 on pci0
ed0 address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
orm0: <Option ROM> at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff on isa0
<div style="text-align: left;">t port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq1 on atkbdc0</div>fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5'' drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)>
a
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/@ mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
<div style="text-align: left;">16/16/15 bytes threshold
plip0: <PLIP network int</div>sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
pppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with
erface> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
acd0: CD-RW <LITE-ON LTR-1210B> at ata1-slave PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>/stand/sysinstall running as init on vty0
</pre></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Check the probe results carefully to make sure that FreeBSD found all the devices you expected. If a device was not found, then it will not be listed. A <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html">custom kernel</a> allows you to add in support for devices which are not in the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">GENERIC</tt> kernel, such as sound cards.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">After the procedure of device probing, you will see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-start.html#CONFIG-COUNTRY">Figure 2-3</a>. Use the arrow key to choose a country, region, or group. Then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, it will set your country easily.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="CONFIG-COUNTRY" name="CONFIG-COUNTRY"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-3. Selecting Country Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/config-country.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">If you selected <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">United States</span> as country, the standard American keyboard map will be used, if a different country is chosen the following menu will be displayed. Use the arrow keys to choose the correct keyboard map and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="CONFIG-KEYMAP" name="CONFIG-KEYMAP"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-4. Selecting Keyboard Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/config-keymap.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">After the country selecting, the <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> main menu will display.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> utility is the installation application provided by the FreeBSD Project. It is console based and is divided into a number of menus and screens that you can use to configure and control the installation process.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> menu system is controlled by the arrow keys, <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b>, <b class="KEYCAP">Space</b>, and other keys. A detailed description of these keys and what they do is contained in <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b>'s usage information.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">To review this information, ensure that the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Usage</span> entry is highlighted and that the <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[Select]</span> button is selected, as shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-sysinstall.html#SYSINSTALL-MAIN3">Figure 2-5</a>, then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The instructions for using the menu system will be displayed. After reviewing them, press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the Main Menu.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-MAIN3" name="SYSINSTALL-MAIN3"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-5. Selecting Usage from Sysinstall Main Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/main1.png" /></div></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SELECT-DOC" name="SELECT-DOC">2.5.1 Selecting the Documentation Menu</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">From the Main Menu, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Doc</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="MAIN-DOC" name="MAIN-DOC"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-6. Selecting Documentation Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/main-doc.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">This will display the Documentation Menu.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="DOCMENU1" name="DOCMENU1"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-7. Sysinstall Documentation Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/docmenu1.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">It is important to read the documents provided.</div><div style="text-align: left;">To view a document, select it with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. When finished reading a document, pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will return to the Documentation Menu.</div><div style="text-align: left;">To return to the Main Installation Menu, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exit</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="KEYMAP" name="KEYMAP">2.5.2 Selecting the Keymap Menu</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">To change the keyboard mapping, use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Keymap</span> from the menu and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. This is only required if you are using a non-standard or non-US keyboard.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-KEYMAP" name="SYSINSTALL-KEYMAP"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-8. Sysinstall Main Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/main-keymap.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">A different keyboard mapping may be chosen by selecting the menu item using up/down arrow keys and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Space</b>. Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Space</b> again will unselect the item. When finished, choose the<span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> using the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Only a partial list is shown in this screen representation. Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Cancel ]</span> by pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> will use the default keymap and return to the Main Install Menu.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-KEYMAP-MENU" name="SYSINSTALL-KEYMAP-MENU"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-9. Sysinstall Keymap Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/keymap.png" /></div></div></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="VIEWSETOPTIONS" name="VIEWSETOPTIONS">2.5.3 Installation Options Screen</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">Select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Options</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-OPTIONS" name="SYSINSTALL-OPTIONS"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-10. Sysinstall Main Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/main-options.png" /></div></div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="OPTIONS" name="OPTIONS"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-11. Sysinstall Options</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/options.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">The default values are usually fine for most users and do not need to be changed. The release name will vary according to the version being installed.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The description of the selected item will appear at the bottom of the screen highlighted in blue. Notice that one of the options is <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Use Defaults</span> to reset all values to startup defaults.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> to read the help screen about the various options.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Q</b> will return to the Main Install menu.</div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="START-INSTALL" name="START-INSTALL">2.5.4 Begin a Standard Installation</a></h2><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Standard</span> installation is the option recommended for those new to <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>® or FreeBSD. Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Standard</span> and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to start the installation.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-STANDARD" name="SYSINSTALL-STANDARD"></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-12. Begin Standard Installation</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/main-std.png" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Your first task is to allocate disk space for FreeBSD, and label that space so that <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> can prepare it. In order to do this you need to know how FreeBSD expects to find information on the disk.</div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INSTALL-DRIVE-BIOS-NUMBERING" name="INSTALL-DRIVE-BIOS-NUMBERING">2.6.1 BIOS Drive Numbering</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">Before you install and configure FreeBSD on your system, there is an important subject that you should be aware of, especially if you have multiple hard drives.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In a PC running a BIOS-dependent operating system such as <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>® or <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®, the BIOS is able to abstract the normal disk drive order, and the operating system goes along with the change. This allows the user to boot from a disk drive other than the so-called “primary master”. This is especially convenient for some users who have found that the simplest and cheapest way to keep a system backup is to buy an identical second hard drive, and perform routine copies of the first drive to the second drive using <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;"><span class="TRADEMARK">Ghost</span>®</b> or <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">XCOPY</b> . Then, if the first drive fails, or is attacked by a virus, or is scribbled upon by an operating system defect, he can easily recover by instructing the BIOS to logically swap the drives. It is like switching the cables on the drives, but without having to open the case.</div><div style="text-align: left;">More expensive systems with SCSI controllers often include BIOS extensions which allow the SCSI drives to be re-ordered in a similar fashion for up to seven drives.</div><div style="text-align: left;">A user who is accustomed to taking advantage of these features may become surprised when the results with FreeBSD are not as expected. FreeBSD does not use the BIOS, and does not know the “logical BIOS drive mapping”. This can lead to very perplexing situations, especially when drives are physically identical in geometry, and have also been made as data clones of one another.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When using FreeBSD, always restore the BIOS to natural drive numbering before installing FreeBSD, and then leave it that way. If you need to switch drives around, then do so, but do it the hard way, and open the case and move the jumpers and cables.</div><table border="1" cellpadding="5" class="SIDEBAR" style="text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><div class="SIDEBAR" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="AEN1792" name="AEN1792"></a><b>An Illustration from the Files of Bill and Fred's Exceptional Adventures:</b><br />
Bill breaks-down an older Wintel box to make another FreeBSD box for Fred. Bill installs a single SCSI drive as SCSI unit zero and installs FreeBSD on it.<br />
Fred begins using the system, but after several days notices that the older SCSI drive is reporting numerous soft errors and reports this fact to Bill.<br />
After several more days, Bill decides it is time to address the situation, so he grabs an identical SCSI drive from the disk drive “archive” in the back room. An initial surface scan indicates that this drive is functioning well, so Bill installs this drive as SCSI unit four and makes an image copy from drive zero to drive four. Now that the new drive is installed and functioning nicely, Bill decides that it is a good idea to start using it, so he uses features in the SCSI BIOS to re-order the disk drives so that the system boots from SCSI unit four. FreeBSD boots and runs just fine.<br />
Fred continues his work for several days, and soon Bill and Fred decide that it is time for a new adventure -- time to upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD. Bill removes SCSI unit zero because it was a bit flaky and replaces it with another identical disk drive from the “archive”. Bill then installs the new version of FreeBSD onto the new SCSI unit zero using Fred's magic Internet FTP floppies. The installation goes well.<br />
Fred uses the new version of FreeBSD for a few days, and certifies that it is good enough for use in the engineering department. It is time to copy all of his work from the old version. So Fred mounts SCSI unit four (the latest copy of the older FreeBSD version). Fred is dismayed to find that none of his precious work is present on SCSI unit four.<br />
Where did the data go?<br />
When Bill made an image copy of the original SCSI unit zero onto SCSI unit four, unit four became the “new clone”. When Bill re-ordered the SCSI BIOS so that he could boot from SCSI unit four, he was only fooling himself. FreeBSD was still running on SCSI unit zero. Making this kind of BIOS change will cause some or all of the Boot and Loader code to be fetched from the selected BIOS drive, but when the FreeBSD kernel drivers take-over, the BIOS drive numbering will be ignored, and FreeBSD will transition back to normal drive numbering. In the illustration at hand, the system continued to operate on the original SCSI unit zero, and all of Fred's data was there, not on SCSI unit four. The fact that the system appeared to be running on SCSI unit four was simply an artifact of human expectations.<br />
We are delighted to mention that no data bytes were killed or harmed in any way by our discovery of this phenomenon. The older SCSI unit zero was retrieved from the bone pile, and all of Fred's work was returned to him, (and now Bill knows that he can count as high as zero).<br />
Although SCSI drives were used in this illustration, the concepts apply equally to IDE drives.</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="MAIN-FDISK" name="MAIN-FDISK">2.6.2 Creating Slices Using FDisk</a></h2><div class="NOTE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><blockquote class="NOTE"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Note:</b> No changes you make at this point will be written to the disk. If you think you have made a mistake and want to start again you can use the menus to exit<b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> and try again or press <b class="KEYCAP">U</b> to use the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Undo</span> option. If you get confused and can not see how to exit you can always turn your computer off.</div></blockquote></div><div style="text-align: left;">After choosing to begin a standard installation in <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> you will be shown this message:</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;">Message</div><div style="text-align: left;">In the next menu, you will need to set up a DOS-style ("fdisk")</div><div style="text-align: left;">partitioning scheme for your hard disk. If you simply wish to devote</div><div style="text-align: left;">all disk space to FreeBSD (overwriting anything else that might be on</div><div style="text-align: left;">the disk(s) selected) then use the (A)ll command to select the default</div>partitioning scheme followed by a (Q)uit. If you wish to allocate only
<div style="text-align: left;">(C)reate command.
[ OK ]
</div>free space to FreeBSD, move to a partition marked "unused" and use the
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>[ Press enter or space ]
</pre><div style="text-align: left;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> as instructed. You will then be shown a list of all the hard drives that the kernel found when it carried out the device probes. <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-FDISK-DRIVE1">Figure 2-13</a> shows an example from a system with two IDE disks. They have been called <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> and <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-FDISK-DRIVE1" name="SYSINSTALL-FDISK-DRIVE1"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-13. Select Drive for FDisk</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/fdisk-drive1.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">You might be wondering why <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1</tt> is not listed here. Why has it been missed?</div><div style="text-align: left;">Consider what would happen if you had two IDE hard disks, one as the master on the first IDE controller, and one as the master on the second IDE controller. If FreeBSD numbered these as it found them, as <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> and <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1</tt> then everything would work.</div><div style="text-align: left;">But if you then added a third disk, as the slave device on the first IDE controller, it would now be <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1</tt>, and the previous <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1</tt> would become <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>. Because device names (such as <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1s1a</tt>) are used to find filesystems, you may suddenly discover that some of your filesystems no longer appear correctly, and you would need to change your FreeBSD configuration.</div><div style="text-align: left;">To work around this, the kernel can be configured to name IDE disks based on where they are, and not the order in which they were found. With this scheme the master disk on the second IDE controller will <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">always</i></span> be <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>, even if there are no <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> or <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad1</tt> devices.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This configuration is the default for the FreeBSD kernel, which is why this display shows <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> and <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>. The machine on which this screenshot was taken had IDE disks on both master channels of the IDE controllers, and no disks on the slave channels.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You should select the disk on which you want to install FreeBSD, and then press <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span>. <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">FDisk</b> will start, with a display similar to that shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-FDISK1">Figure 2-14</a>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">FDisk</b> display is broken into three sections.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The first section, covering the first two lines of the display, shows details about the currently selected disk, including its FreeBSD name, the disk geometry, and the total size of the disk.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The second section shows the slices that are currently on the disk, where they start and end, how large they are, the name FreeBSD gives them, and their description and sub-type. This example shows two small unused slices, which are artifacts of disk layout schemes on the PC. It also shows one large <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">FAT</acronym> slice, which almost certainly appears as <tt class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt> in <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> / <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, and an extended slice, which may contain other drive letters for <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> / <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The third section shows the commands that are available in <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">FDisk</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-FDISK1" name="SYSINSTALL-FDISK1"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-14. Typical Fdisk Partitions before Editing</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/fdisk-edit1.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">What you do now will depend on how you want to slice up your disk.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you want to use FreeBSD for the entire disk (which will delete all the other data on this disk when you confirm that you want <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> to continue later in the installation process) then you can press <b class="KEYCAP">A</b>, which corresponds to the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Use Entire Disk</span> option. The existing slices will be removed, and replaced with a small area flagged as <tt class="LITERAL">unused</tt> (again, an artifact of PC disk layout), and then one large slice for FreeBSD. If you do this, then you should select the newly created FreeBSD slice using the arrow keys, and press <b class="KEYCAP">S</b> to mark the slice as being bootable. The screen will then look very similar to <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-FDISK2">Figure 2-15</a>. Note the <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> in the <tt class="LITERAL">Flags</tt> column, which indicates that this slice is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">active</i></span>, and will be booted from.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you will be deleting an existing slice to make space for FreeBSD then you should select the slice using the arrow keys, and then press <b class="KEYCAP">D</b>. You can then press <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>, and be prompted for size of slice you want to create. Enter the appropriate figure and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. The default value in this box represents the largest possible slice you can make, which could be the largest contiguous block of unallocated space or the size of the entire hard disk.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you have already made space for FreeBSD (perhaps by using a tool such as <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;"><span class="TRADEMARK">PartitionMagic</span>®</b>) then you can press <b class="KEYCAP">C</b> to create a new slice. Again, you will be prompted for the size of slice you would like to create.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-FDISK2" name="SYSINSTALL-FDISK2"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-15. Fdisk Partition Using Entire Disk</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/fdisk-edit2.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">When finished, press <b class="KEYCAP">Q</b>. Your changes will be saved in <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b>, but will not yet be written to disk.</div></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="BOOTMGR" name="BOOTMGR">2.6.3 Install a Boot Manager</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">You now have the option to install a boot manager. In general, you should choose to install the FreeBSD boot manager if:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><li><div style="text-align: left;">You have more than one drive, and have installed FreeBSD onto a drive other than the first one.</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;">You have installed FreeBSD alongside another operating system on the same disk, and you want to choose whether to start FreeBSD or the other operating system when you start the computer.</div></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: left;">If FreeBSD is going to be the only operating system on this machine, installed on the first hard disk, then the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Standard</span> boot manager will suffice. Choose <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">None</span> if you are using a third-party boot manager capable of booting FreeBSD.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make your choice and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-BOOTMGR" name="SYSINSTALL-BOOTMGR"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-16. Sysinstall Boot Manager Menu</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/boot-mgr.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">The help screen, reached by pressing <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b>, discusses the problems that can be encountered when trying to share the hard disk between operating systems.</div></div><div class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="AEN1912" name="AEN1912">2.6.4 Creating Slices on Another Drive</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">If there is more than one drive, it will return to the Select Drives screen after the boot manager selection. If you wish to install FreeBSD on to more than one disk, then you can select another disk here and repeat the slice process using <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">FDisk</b>.</div><div class="IMPORTANT" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><blockquote class="IMPORTANT"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Important:</b> If you are installing FreeBSD on a drive other than your first, then the FreeBSD boot manager needs to be installed on both drives.</div></blockquote></div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-FDISK-DRIVE2" name="SYSINSTALL-FDISK-DRIVE2"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-17. Exit Select Drive</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/fdisk-drive2.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">The <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> key toggles between the last drive selected, <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span>, and <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Cancel ]</span>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Press the <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> once to toggle to the <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span>, then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue with the installation.</div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" dir="ltr" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="BSDLABELEDITOR" name="BSDLABELEDITOR">2.6.5 Creating Partitions Using <b class="APPLICATION">Disklabel</b></a></h2><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">You must now create some partitions inside each slice that you have just created. Remember that each partition is lettered, from <tt class="LITERAL">a</tt> through to <tt class="LITERAL">h</tt>, and that partitions <tt class="LITERAL">b</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">c</tt>, and <tt class="LITERAL">d</tt> have conventional meanings that you should adhere to.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Certain applications can benefit from particular partition schemes, especially if you are laying out partitions across more than one disk. However, for this, your first FreeBSD installation, you do not need to give too much thought to how you partition the disk. It is more important that you install FreeBSD and start learning how to use it. You can always re-install FreeBSD to change your partition scheme when you are more familiar with the operating system.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">This scheme features four partitions--one for swap space, and three for filesystems.</div><div class="TABLE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="AEN1942" name="AEN1942"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b style="color: #990000;">Table 2-2. Partition Layout for First Disk</b></div><table border="0" class="CALSTABLE" frame="void" style="text-align: left;"><colgroup><col width="14%"></col><col width="14%"></col><col width="14%"></col><col width="57%"></col></colgroup><thead>
<tr><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Partition</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Filesystem</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Size</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Description</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">a</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">1 GB</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">This is the root filesystem. Every other filesystem will be mounted somewhere under this one. 1 GB is a reasonable size for this filesystem. You will not be storing too much data on it, as a regular FreeBSD install will put about 128 MB of data here. The remaining space is for temporary data, and also leaves expansion space if future versions of FreeBSD need more space in <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt>.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">b</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">N/A</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">2-3 x RAM</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">The system's swap space is kept on the <tt class="LITERAL">b</tt> partition. Choosing the right amount of swap space can be a bit of an art. A good rule of thumb is that your swap space should be two or three times as much as the available physical memory (RAM). You should also have at least 64 MB of swap, so if you have less than 32 MB of RAM in your computer then set the swap amount to 64 MB.<br />
If you have more than one disk then you can put swap space on each disk. FreeBSD will then use each disk for swap, which effectively speeds up the act of swapping. In this case, calculate the total amount of swap you need (e.g., 128 MB), and then divide this by the number of disks you have (e.g., two disks) to give the amount of swap you should put on each disk, in this example, 64 MB of swap per disk.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">e</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/var</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">512 MB to 4096 MB</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">The <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/var</tt> directory contains files that are constantly varying; log files, and other administrative files. Many of these files are read-from or written-to extensively during FreeBSD's day-to-day running. Putting these files on another filesystem allows FreeBSD to optimize the access of these files without affecting other files in other directories that do not have the same access pattern.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">f</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">Rest of disk (at least 8 GB)</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">All your other files will typically be stored in <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr</tt> and its subdirectories.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="WARNING" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote class="WARNING"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Warning:</b> The values above are given as example and should be used by experienced users only. Users are encouraged to use the automatic partition layout called <tt class="LITERAL">Auto Defaults</tt> by the FreeBSD partition editor.</div></blockquote></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">If you will be installing FreeBSD on to more than one disk then you must also create partitions in the other slices that you configured. The easiest way to do this is to create two partitions on each disk, one for the swap space, and one for a filesystem.</div><div class="TABLE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="AEN1993" name="AEN1993"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b style="color: #990000;">Table 2-3. Partition Layout for Subsequent Disks</b></div><table border="0" class="CALSTABLE" frame="void" style="text-align: left;"><colgroup><col width="14%"></col><col width="14%"></col><col width="29%"></col><col width="43%"></col></colgroup><thead>
<tr><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Partition</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Filesystem</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Size</th><th style="line-height: 1.2;">Description</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">b</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">N/A</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">See description</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">As already discussed, you can split swap space across each disk. Even though the <tt class="LITERAL">a</tt>partition is free, convention dictates that swap space stays on the <tt class="LITERAL">b</tt> partition.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="line-height: 1.2;"><tt class="LITERAL">e</tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">/disk<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>n</i></tt></td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">Rest of disk</td><td style="line-height: 1.2;">The rest of the disk is taken up with one big partition. This could easily be put on the<tt class="LITERAL">a</tt> partition, instead of the <tt class="LITERAL">e</tt> partition. However, convention says that the <tt class="LITERAL">a</tt> partition on a slice is reserved for the filesystem that will be the root (<tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt>) filesystem. You do not have to follow this convention, but <b class="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b> does, so following it yourself makes the installation slightly cleaner. You can choose to mount this filesystem anywhere; this example suggests that you mount them as directories <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/disk<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>n</i></tt></tt>, where<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>n</i></tt> is a number that changes for each disk. But you can use another scheme if you prefer.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Having chosen your partition layout you can now create it using <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b>. You will see this message:</div><pre class="SCREEN" dir="ltr" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;">Message</div><div style="text-align: left;">Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk</div><div style="text-align: left;">partition(s) just created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk</div><div style="text-align: left;">space (1GB or more) and don't have any special requirements, simply</div>use the (A)uto command to allocate space automatically. If you have
<div style="text-align: left;">uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.
</div>more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
(A
) [ OK ]
<div style="text-align: left;">enter or space ]
</div>[ Press
</pre><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to start the FreeBSD partition editor, called <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b>.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL">Figure 2-18</a> shows the display when you first start <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b>. The display is divided in to three sections.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The first few lines show the name of the disk you are currently working on, and the slice that contains the partitions you are creating (at this point <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b> calls this the <tt class="LITERAL">Partition name</tt> rather than slice name). This display also shows the amount of free space within the slice; that is, space that was set aside in the slice, but that has not yet been assigned to a partition.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The middle of the display shows the partitions that have been created, the name of the filesystem that each partition contains, their size, and some options pertaining to the creation of the filesystem.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The bottom third of the screen shows the keystrokes that are valid in <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-18. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-ed1.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b> can automatically create partitions for you and assign them default sizes. The default sizes are calculated with the help of an internal partition sizing algorithm based on the disk size. Try this now, by Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">A</b>. You will see a display similar to that shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL2">Figure 2-19</a>. Depending on the size of the disk you are using, the defaults may or may not be appropriate. This does not matter, as you do not have to accept the defaults.</div><div class="NOTE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote class="NOTE"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Note:</b> The default partitioning assigns the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/tmp</tt> directory its own partition instead of being part of the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt> partition. This helps avoid filling the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt> partition with temporary files.</div></blockquote></div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL2" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL2"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-19. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor with Auto Defaults</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-auto.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">If you choose to not use the default partitions and wish to replace them with your own, use the arrow keys to select the first partition, and press <b class="KEYCAP">D</b> to delete it. Repeat this to delete all the suggested partitions.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">To create the first partition (<tt class="LITERAL">a</tt>, mounted as <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt> -- root), make sure the proper disk slice at the top of the screen is selected and press <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>. A dialog box will appear prompting you for the size of the new partition (as shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD">Figure 2-20</a>). You can enter the size as the number of disk blocks you want to use, or as a number followed by either <tt class="LITERAL">M</tt> for megabytes, <tt class="LITERAL">G</tt> for gigabytes, or <tt class="LITERAL">C</tt> for cylinders.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-20. Free Space for Root Partition</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-root1.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The default size shown will create a partition that takes up the rest of the slice. If you are using the partition sizes described in the earlier example, then delete the existing figure using <b class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b>, and then type in <kbd class="USERINPUT">512M</kbd>, as shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2">Figure 2-21</a>. Then press <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span>.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-ADD2"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-21. Edit Root Partition Size</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-root2.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Having chosen the partition's size you will then be asked whether this partition will contain a filesystem or swap space. The dialog box is shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE">Figure 2-22</a>. This first partition will contain a filesystem, so check that <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">FS</span> is selected and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-TYPE"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-22. Choose the Root Partition Type</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-fs.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Finally, because you are creating a filesystem, you must tell <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">Disklabel</b> where the filesystem is to be mounted. The dialog box is shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT">Figure 2-23</a>. The root filesystem's mount point is <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/</tt>, so type <kbd class="USERINPUT">/</kbd>, and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</div><div class="FIGURE" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL-MOUNT"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-23. Choose the Root Mount Point</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-root3.png" /></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The display will then update to show you the newly created partition. You should repeat this procedure for the other partitions. When you create the swap partition, you will not be prompted for the filesystem mount point, as swap partitions are never mounted. When you create the final partition, <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr</tt>, you can leave the suggested size as is, to use the rest of the slice.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar to <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-steps.html#SYSINSTALL-LABEL4">Figure 2-24</a>, although your values chosen may be different. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Q</b> to finish.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SYSINSTALL-LABEL4" name="SYSINSTALL-LABEL4"></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-24. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/disklabel-ed2.png" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="SECT1" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="DISTSET" name="DISTSET">2.7.1 Select the Distribution Set</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">Deciding which distribution set to install will depend largely on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space available. The predefined options range from installing the smallest possible configuration to everything. Those who are new to <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>® and/or FreeBSD should almost certainly select one of these canned options. Customizing a distribution set is typically for the more experienced user.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> for more information on the distribution set options and what they contain. When finished reviewing the help, pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will return to the Select Distributions Menu.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If a graphical user interface is desired then the configuration of the X server and selection of a default desktop must be done after the installation of FreeBSD. More information regarding the installation and configuration of a X server can be found in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11.html">Chapter 5</a>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If compiling a custom kernel is anticipated, select an option which includes the source code. For more information on why a custom kernel should be built or how to build a custom kernel, see<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html">Chapter 8</a>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Obviously, the most versatile system is one that includes everything. If there is adequate disk space, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">All</span> as shown in <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-choosing.html#DISTRIBUTION-SET1">Figure 2-25</a> by using the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. If there is a concern about disk space consider using an option that is more suitable for the situation. Do not fret over the perfect choice, as other distributions can be added after installation.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="DISTRIBUTION-SET1" name="DISTRIBUTION-SET1"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-25. Choose Distributions</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/dist-set.png" /></div></div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PORTSCOL" name="PORTSCOL">2.7.2 Installing the Ports Collection</a></h2><div style="text-align: left;">After selecting the desired distribution, an opportunity to install the FreeBSD Ports Collection is presented. The ports collection is an easy and convenient way to install software. The Ports Collection does not contain the source code necessary to compile the software. Instead, it is a collection of files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-party software packages.<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports.html">Chapter 4</a> discusses how to use the ports collection.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The installation program does not check to see if you have adequate space. Select this option only if you have adequate hard disk space. As of FreeBSD 8.2, the FreeBSD Ports Collection takes up about 417 MB of disk space. You can safely assume a larger value for more recent versions of FreeBSD.</div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;">User Confirmation Requested</div><div style="text-align: left;">Would you like to install the FreeBSD ports collection? </div><div style="text-align: left;">This will give you ready access to over 20,000 ported software packages,
</div>at a cost of around 417 MB of disk space when "clean" and possibly much
<div style="text-align: left;">you have the extra CDs from a FreeBSD CD/DVD distribution
avail</div>more than that if a lot of the distribution tarballs are loaded
(unless
able and can mount it on /cdrom, in which case this is far less
of a problem).
<div style="text-align: left;">sr partition, so it is advisable to say Yes to this option.
For more</div>The Ports Collection is a very valuable resource and well worth having
on your /
u information on the Ports Collection & the latest ports,
visit:
http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>[ Yes ] No
</pre><div style="text-align: left;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> with the arrow keys to install the Ports Collection or <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> to skip this option. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue. The Choose Distributions menu will redisplay.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="DISTRIBUTION-SET2" name="DISTRIBUTION-SET2"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-26. Confirm Distributions</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/dist-set2.png" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">If satisfied with the options, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exit</span> with the arrow keys, ensure that <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> is highlighted, and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue.</div><div><h1 class="SECT1" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INSTALL-MEDIA" name="INSTALL-MEDIA">2.8 Choosing Your Installation Media</a></h1><div style="text-align: left;">If Installing from a CDROM or DVD, use the arrow keys to highlight <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Install from a FreeBSD CD/DVD</span>. Ensure that <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> is highlighted, then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to proceed with the installation.</div><div style="text-align: left;">For other methods of installation, select the appropriate option and follow the instructions.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> to display the Online Help for installation media. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the media selection menu.</div><div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="CHOOSE-MEDIA" name="CHOOSE-MEDIA"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Figure 2-27. Choose Installation Media</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/media.png" /></div></div><div class="NOTE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><blockquote class="NOTE"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>FTP Installation Modes:</b> There are three FTP installation modes you can choose from: active FTP, passive FTP, or via a HTTP proxy.</div><div class="VARIABLELIST" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
<dl style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><dt style="text-align: left;">FTP Active: <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Install from an FTP server</span></dt>
<dd><div style="text-align: left;">This option will make all FTP transfers use “Active” mode. This will not work through firewalls, but will often work with older FTP servers that do not support passive mode. If your connection hangs with passive mode (the default), try active!</div></dd>
<dt style="text-align: left;">FTP Passive: <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Install from an FTP server through a firewall</span></dt>
<dd><div style="text-align: left;">This option instructs <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> to use “Passive” mode for all FTP operations. This allows the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow incoming connections on random TCP ports.</div></dd>
<dt style="text-align: left;">FTP via a HTTP proxy: <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Install from an FTP server through a http proxy</span></dt>
<dd><div style="text-align: left;">This option instructs <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> to use the HTTP protocol (like a web browser) to connect to a proxy for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate the requests and send them to the FTP server. This allows the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow FTP at all, but offer a HTTP proxy. In this case, you have to specify the proxy in addition to the FTP server.</div></dd></dl></div><div style="text-align: left;">For a proxy FTP server, you should usually give the name of the server you really want as a part of the username, after an “@” sign. The proxy server then “fakes” the real server. For example, assuming you want to install from <tt class="HOSTID">ftp.FreeBSD.org</tt>, using the proxy FTP server <tt class="HOSTID">foo.example.com</tt>, listening on port 1234.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In this case, you go to the options menu, set the FTP username to <tt class="LITERAL">ftp@ftp.FreeBSD.org</tt>, and the password to your email address. As your installation media, you specify FTP (or passive FTP, if the proxy supports it), and the URL <tt class="LITERAL">ftp://foo.example.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD</tt>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Since <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/pub/FreeBSD</tt> from <tt class="HOSTID">ftp.FreeBSD.org</tt> is proxied under <tt class="HOSTID">foo.example.com</tt>, you are able to install from <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">that</i></span> machine (which will fetch the files from<tt class="HOSTID">ftp.FreeBSD.org</tt> as your installation requests them).</div></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<h1 class="SECT1" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INSTALL-FINAL-WARNING" name="INSTALL-FINAL-WARNING">2.9 Committing to the Installation</a></span></h1><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The installation can now proceed if desired. This is also the last chance for aborting the installation to prevent changes to the hard drive.</span></div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Last Chance! Are you SURE you want to continue the installation? </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!
<div style="text-align: left;">[ Yes ] No
</div>We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!
<div style="text-align: left;"></div></span></pre><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to proceed.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The installation time will vary according to the distribution chosen, installation media, and the speed of the computer. There will be a series of messages displayed indicating the status.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The installation is complete when the following message is displayed:</span></div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Message </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">ongratulations! You now have FreeBSD installed on your system.
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">C
We will now move on to the final configuration questions.
<div style="text-align: left;">.
If you wish to re-enter this utility after the system is up</div>For any option you do not wish to configure, simply select N
o, you may
do so by typing: /usr/sbin/sysinstall.
[ OK ]
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>[ Press enter or space ]
</span></pre><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to proceed with post-installation configurations.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will abort the installation so no changes will be made to your system. The following message will appear:</span></div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Message</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Installation complete with some errors. You may wish to scroll</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">through the debugging messages on VTY1 with the scroll-lock feature. </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">You can also choose "No" at the next prompt and go back into the
<div style="text-align: left;">[ OK ]
</div>installation menus to retry whichever operations have failed.
<div style="text-align: left;"></div></span></pre><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">This message is generated because nothing was installed. Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will return to the Main Installation Menu to exit the installation.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="SECT1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h1 class="SECT1" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INSTALL-POST" name="INSTALL-POST">2.10 Post-installation</a></span></h1><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Configuration of various options follows the successful installation. An option can be configured by re-entering the configuration options before booting the new FreeBSD system or after installation using <tt class="COMMAND">sysinstall</tt> and selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Configure</span>.</span><br />
<div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INST-NETWORK-DEV" name="INST-NETWORK-DEV">2.10.1 Network Device Configuration</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If you previously configured PPP for an FTP install, this screen will not display and can be configured later as described above.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">For detailed information on Local Area Networks and configuring FreeBSD as a gateway/router refer to the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking.html">Advanced Networking</a> chapter.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to configure any Ethernet or PPP network devices?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">To configure a network device, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. Otherwise, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> to continue.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ED-CONFIG1" name="ED-CONFIG1"></a><b>Figure 2-28. Selecting an Ethernet Device</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/ed0-conf.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select the interface to be configured with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to try IPv6 configuration of the interface?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">In this private local area network, the current Internet type protocol (<acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">IPv4</acronym>) was sufficient and <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> was selected with the arrow keys and <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> pressed.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If you are connected to an existing <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">IPv6</acronym> network with an <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RA</acronym> server, then choose <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. It will take several seconds to scan for RA servers.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to try DHCP configuration of the interface?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is not required select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> will execute <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">dhclient</b>, and if successful, will fill in the network configuration information automatically. Refer to <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-dhcp.html">Section 29.5</a> for more information.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The following Network Configuration screen shows the configuration of the Ethernet device for a system that will act as the gateway for a Local Area Network.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ED-CONFIG2" name="ED-CONFIG2"></a><b>Figure 2-29. Set Network Configuration for ed0</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/ed0-conf2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> to select the information fields and fill in appropriate information:</span><br />
<div class="VARIABLELIST" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span><br />
<dl style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><dt><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Host</span></dt>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> <dd>The fully-qualified hostname, such as <tt class="HOSTID">k6-2.example.com</tt> in this case.</dd>
<dt>Domain</dt>
<dd>The name of the domain that your machine is in, such as <tt class="HOSTID">example.com</tt> for this case.</dd>
<dt>IPv4 Gateway</dt>
<dd>IP address of host forwarding packets to non-local destinations. You must fill this in if the machine is a node on the network. <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Leave this field blank</i></span> if the machine is the gateway to the Internet for the network. The IPv4 Gateway is also known as the default gateway or default route.</dd>
<dt>Name server</dt>
<dd>IP address of your local DNS server. There is no local DNS server on this private local area network so the IP address of the provider's DNS server (<tt class="HOSTID">208.163.10.2</tt>) was used.</dd>
<dt>IPv4 address</dt>
<dd>The IP address to be used for this interface was <tt class="HOSTID">192.168.0.1</tt></dd>
<dt>Netmask</dt>
<dd>The address block being used for this local area network is <tt class="HOSTID">192.168.0.0</tt> - <tt class="HOSTID">192.168.0.255</tt> with a netmask of <tt class="HOSTID">255.255.255.0</tt>.</dd>
<dt>Extra options to ifconfig</dt>
<dd>Any interface-specific options to <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig</tt> you would like to add. There were none in this case.</dd></span></dl></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> to select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> when finished and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to bring the ed0 interface up right now?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Choosing <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will bring the machine up on the network and be ready for use. However, this does not accomplish much during installation, since the machine still needs to be rebooted.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="GATEWAY" name="GATEWAY">2.10.2 Configure Gateway</a></span></h2><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want this machine to function as a network gateway?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If the machine will be acting as the gateway for a local area network and forwarding packets between other machines then select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. If the machine is a node on a network then select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INETD-SERVICES" name="INETD-SERVICES">2.10.3 Configure Internet Services</a></span></h2><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure inetd and the network services that it provides?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> is selected, various services such <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">telnetd</b> will not be enabled. This means that remote users will not be able to <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">telnet</b> into this machine. Local users will still be able to access remote machines with <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">telnet</b>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">These services can be enabled after installation by editing <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/etc/inetd.conf</tt> with your favorite text editor. See <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-inetd.html#NETWORK-INETD-OVERVIEW">Section 29.2.1</a> for more information.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> if you wish to configure these services during install. An additional confirmation will display:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
The Internet Super Server (inetd) allows a number of simple Internet
services to be enabled, including finger, ftp and telnetd. Enabling
these services may increase risk of security problems by increasing
the exposure of your system.
With this in mind, do you wish to enable inetd?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> to continue.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
inetd(8) relies on its configuration file, /etc/inetd.conf, to determine
which of its Internet services will be available. The default FreeBSD
inetd.conf(5) leaves all services disabled by default, so they must be
specifically enabled in the configuration file before they will
function, even once inetd(8) is enabled. Note that services for
IPv6 must be separately enabled from IPv4 services.
Select [Yes] now to invoke an editor on /etc/inetd.conf, or [No] to
use the current settings.
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> will allow adding services by deleting the <tt class="LITERAL">#</tt> at the beginning of a line.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="INETD-EDIT" name="INETD-EDIT"></a><b>Figure 2-30. Editing <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">inetd.conf</tt></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/edit-inetd-conf.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">After adding the desired services, pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Esc</b> will display a menu which will allow exiting and saving the changes.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SSH-LOGIN" name="SSH-LOGIN">2.10.4 Enabling SSH login</a></span></h2><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to enable SSH login?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> will enable <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a>, the daemon program for <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">OpenSSH</b>. This will allow secure remote access to your machine. For more information about <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">OpenSSH</b> see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/openssh.html">Section 14.10</a>.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="FTPANON" name="FTPANON">2.10.5 Anonymous FTP</a></span></h2><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="DENY-ANON" name="DENY-ANON">2.10.5.1 Deny Anonymous FTP</a></span></h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting the default <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will still allow users who have accounts with passwords to use FTP to access the machine.</span></div><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="FTPALLOW" name="FTPALLOW">2.10.5.2 Allow Anonymous FTP</a></span></h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Anyone can access your machine if you elect to allow anonymous FTP connections. The security implications should be considered before enabling this option. For more information about security see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security.html">Chapter 14</a>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">To allow anonymous FTP, use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. An additional confirmation will display:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Anonymous FTP permits un-authenticated users to connect to the system
FTP server, if FTP service is enabled. Anonymous users are
restricted to a specific subset of the file system, and the default
configuration provides a drop-box incoming directory to which uploads
are permitted. You must separately enable both inetd(8), and enable
ftpd(8) in inetd.conf(5) for FTP services to be available. If you
did not do so earlier, you will have the opportunity to enable inetd(8)
again later.
If you want the server to be read-only you should leave the upload
directory option empty and add the -r command-line option to ftpd(8)
in inetd.conf(5)
Do you wish to continue configuring anonymous FTP?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">This message informs you that the FTP service will also have to be enabled in <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/etc/inetd.conf</tt> if you want to allow anonymous FTP connections, see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-post.html#INETD-SERVICES">Section 2.10.3</a>. Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue; the following screen will display:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ANON-FTP2" name="ANON-FTP2"></a><b>Figure 2-31. Default Anonymous FTP Configuration</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/ftp-anon1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> to select the information fields and fill in appropriate information:</span><br />
<div class="VARIABLELIST" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span><br />
<dl style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><dt><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">UID</span></dt>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> <dd>The user ID you wish to assign to the anonymous FTP user. All files uploaded will be owned by this ID.</dd>
<dt>Group</dt>
<dd>Which group you wish the anonymous FTP user to be in.</dd>
<dt>Comment</dt>
<dd>String describing this user in <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/etc/passwd</tt>.</dd>
<dt>FTP Root Directory</dt>
<dd>Where files available for anonymous FTP will be kept.</dd>
<dt>Upload Subdirectory</dt>
<dd>Where files uploaded by anonymous FTP users will go.</dd></span></dl></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The FTP root directory will be put in <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/var</tt> by default. If you do not have enough room there for the anticipated FTP needs, the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr</tt> directory could be used by setting the FTP root directory to<tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr/ftp</tt>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">When you are satisfied with the values, press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Create a welcome message file for anonymous FTP users?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If you select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, an editor will automatically start allowing you to edit the message.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ANON-FTP4" name="ANON-FTP4"></a><b>Figure 2-32. Edit the FTP Welcome Message</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/ftp-anon2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">This is a text editor called <tt class="COMMAND">ee</tt>. Use the instructions to change the message or change the message later using a text editor of your choice. Note the file name/location at the bottom of the editor screen.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Esc</b> and a pop-up menu will default to <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">a) leave editor</span>. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to exit and continue. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> again to save changes if you made any.</span></div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NFSCONF" name="NFSCONF">2.10.6 Configure Network File System</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Network File System (NFS) allows sharing of files across a network. A machine can be configured as a server, a client, or both. Refer to <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html">Section 29.3</a> for a more information.</span><br />
<div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NSF-SERVER-OPTIONS" name="NSF-SERVER-OPTIONS">2.10.6.1 NFS Server</a></span></h3><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS server?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If there is no need for a Network File System server, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> is chosen, a message will pop-up indicating that the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">exports</tt> file must be created.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Message
Operating as an NFS server means that you must first configure an
/etc/exports file to indicate which hosts are allowed certain kinds of
access to your local filesystems.
Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on /etc/exports
[ OK ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue. A text editor will start allowing the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">exports</tt> file to be created and edited.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NFS-SERVER-EDIT" name="NFS-SERVER-EDIT"></a><b>Figure 2-33. Editing <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">exports</tt></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/nfs-server-edit.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use the instructions to add the actual exported filesystems now or later using a text editor of your choice. Note the file name/location at the bottom of the editor screen.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Esc</b> and a pop-up menu will default to <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">a) leave editor</span>. Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to exit and continue.</span></div><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NFS-CLIENT-OPTIONS" name="NFS-CLIENT-OPTIONS">2.10.6.2 NFS Client</a></span></h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The NFS client allows your machine to access NFS servers.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS client?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">With the arrow keys, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> or <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> as appropriate and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span></div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="CONSOLE" name="CONSOLE">2.10.7 System Console Settings</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">There are several options available to customize the system console.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to customize your system console settings?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">To view and configure the options, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SAVER-OPTIONS" name="SAVER-OPTIONS"></a><b>Figure 2-34. System Console Configuration Options</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/console-saver1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">A commonly used option is the screen saver. Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Saver</span> and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SAVER-SELECT" name="SAVER-SELECT"></a><b>Figure 2-35. Screen Saver Options</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/console-saver2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select the desired screen saver using the arrow keys and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. The System Console Configuration menu will redisplay.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The default time interval is 300 seconds. To change the time interval, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Saver</span> again. At the Screen Saver Options menu, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Timeout</span> using the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. A pop-up menu will appear:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SAVER-TIMEOUT" name="SAVER-TIMEOUT"></a><b>Figure 2-36. Screen Saver Timeout</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/console-saver3.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The value can be changed, then select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the System Console Configuration menu.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SAVER-EXIT" name="SAVER-EXIT"></a><b>Figure 2-37. System Console Configuration Exit</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/console-saver4.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exit</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will continue with the post-installation configurations.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="TIMEZONE" name="TIMEZONE">2.10.8 Setting the Time Zone</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Setting the time zone for your machine will allow it to automatically correct for any regional time changes and perform other time zone related functions properly.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The example shown is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of the United States. Your selections will vary according to your geographical location.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to set the time zone.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time
or you don't know, please choose NO here!
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> or <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> according to how the machine's clock is configured and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SET-TIMEZONE-REGION" name="SET-TIMEZONE-REGION"></a><b>Figure 2-38. Select Your Region</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/timezone1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SET-TIMEZONE-COUNTRY" name="SET-TIMEZONE-COUNTRY"></a><b>Figure 2-39. Select Your Country</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/timezone2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SET-TIMEZONE-LOCALITY" name="SET-TIMEZONE-LOCALITY"></a><b>Figure 2-40. Select Your Time Zone</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/timezone3.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Confirmation
Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it looks okay, press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue with the post-installation configuration.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="LINUXCOMP" name="LINUXCOMP">2.10.9 Linux Compatibility</a></span></h2><div class="NOTE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><blockquote class="NOTE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; width: 1013px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><b>Note:</b> This part only applies to FreeBSD 7.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> installation, if you install FreeBSD 8.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> this screen will not be proposed.</span></blockquote></div><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will allow running Linux software on FreeBSD. The install will add the appropriate packages for Linux compatibility.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If installing by FTP, the machine will need to be connected to the Internet. Sometimes a remote ftp site will not have all the distributions like the Linux binary compatibility. This can be installed later if necessary.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="MOUSE" name="MOUSE">2.10.10 Mouse Settings</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">This option will allow you to cut and paste text in the console and user programs with a 3-button mouse. If using a 2-button mouse, refer to manual page, <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>, after installation for details on emulating the 3-button style. This example depicts a non-USB mouse configuration (such as a PS/2 or COM port mouse):</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Does this system have a PS/2, serial, or bus mouse?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> for a PS/2, serial or bus mouse, or <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> for a USB mouse and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="MOUSE-PROTOCOL" name="MOUSE-PROTOCOL"></a><b>Figure 2-41. Select Mouse Protocol Type</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Type</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SET-MOUSE-PROTOCOL" name="SET-MOUSE-PROTOCOL"></a><b>Figure 2-42. Set Mouse Protocol</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The mouse used in this example is a PS/2 type, so the default <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Auto</span> was appropriate. To change protocol, use the arrow keys to select another option. Ensure that <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> is highlighted and press<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to exit this menu.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="CONFIG-MOUSE-PORT" name="CONFIG-MOUSE-PORT"></a><b>Figure 2-43. Configure Mouse Port</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse3.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Port</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SET-MOUSE-PORT" name="SET-MOUSE-PORT"></a><b>Figure 2-44. Setting the Mouse Port</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse4.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">This system had a PS/2 mouse, so the default <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">PS/2</span> was appropriate. To change the port, use the arrow keys and then press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="TEST-DAEMON" name="TEST-DAEMON"></a><b>Figure 2-45. Enable the Mouse Daemon</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse5.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Last, use the arrow keys to select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Enable</span>, and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to enable and test the mouse daemon.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="TEST-MOUSE-DAEMON" name="TEST-MOUSE-DAEMON"></a><b>Figure 2-46. Test the Mouse Daemon</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mouse6.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Move the mouse around the screen and verify the cursor shown responds properly. If it does, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. If not, the mouse has not been configured correctly -- select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> and try using different configuration options.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exit</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to continue with the post-installation configuration.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PACKAGES" name="PACKAGES">2.10.11 Install Packages</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Packages are pre-compiled binaries and are a convenient way to install software.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Installation of one package is shown for purposes of illustration. Additional packages can also be added at this time if desired. After installation <tt class="COMMAND">sysinstall</tt> can be used to add additional packages.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of
ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers
and more. Would you like to browse the collection now?
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will be followed by the Package Selection screens:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PACKAGE-CATEGORY" name="PACKAGE-CATEGORY"></a><b>Figure 2-47. Select Package Category</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/pkg-cat.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Only packages on the current installation media are available for installation at any given time.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">All packages available will be displayed if <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">All</span> is selected or you can select a particular category. Highlight your selection with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">A menu will display showing all the packages available for the selection made:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PACKAGE-SELECT" name="PACKAGE-SELECT"></a><b>Figure 2-48. Select Packages</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/pkg-sel.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">bash</b> shell is shown selected. Select as many as desired by highlighting the package and pressing the <b class="KEYCAP">Space</b> key. A short description of each package will appear in the lower left corner of the screen.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Pressing the <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> key will toggle between the last selected package, <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span>, and <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Cancel ]</span>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">When you have finished marking the packages for installation, press <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> once to toggle to the <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the Package Selection menu.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The left and right arrow keys will also toggle between <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Cancel ]</span>. This method can also be used to select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the Package Selection menu.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PACKAGE-INSTALL" name="PACKAGE-INSTALL"></a><b>Figure 2-49. Install Packages</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/pkg-install.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Use the <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> and arrow keys to select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Install ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. You will then need to confirm that you want to install the packages:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="PACKAGE-INSTALL-CONFIRM" name="PACKAGE-INSTALL-CONFIRM"></a><b>Figure 2-50. Confirm Package Installation</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/pkg-confirm.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> will start the package installation. Installing messages will appear until completed. Make note if there are any error messages.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The final configuration continues after packages are installed. If you end up not selecting any packages, and wish to return to the final configuration, select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">Install</span> anyways.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ADDUSERS" name="ADDUSERS">2.10.12 Add Users/Groups</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">You should add at least one user during the installation so that you can use the system without being logged in as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. The root partition is generally small and running applications as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> can quickly fill it. A bigger danger is noted below:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding
at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since
working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which
adversely affect the entire system).
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span> and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue with adding a user.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ADD-USER2" name="ADD-USER2"></a><b>Figure 2-51. Select User</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/adduser1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">User</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ADD-USER3" name="ADD-USER3"></a><b>Figure 2-52. Add User Information</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/adduser2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The following descriptions will appear in the lower part of the screen as the items are selected with <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> to assist with entering the required information:</span><br />
<div class="VARIABLELIST" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span><br />
<dl style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><dt><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Login ID</span></dt>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> <dd>The login name of the new user (mandatory).</dd>
<dt>UID</dt>
<dd>The numerical ID for this user (leave blank for automatic choice).</dd>
<dt>Group</dt>
<dd>The login group name for this user (leave blank for automatic choice).</dd>
<dt>Password</dt>
<dd>The password for this user (enter this field with care!).</dd>
<dt>Full name</dt>
<dd>The user's full name (comment).</dd>
<dt>Member groups</dt>
<dd>The groups this user belongs to (i.e. gets access rights for).</dd>
<dt>Home directory</dt>
<dd>The user's home directory (leave blank for default).</dd>
<dt>Login shell</dt>
<dd>The user's login shell (leave blank for default, e.g. <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/bin/sh</tt>).</dd></span></dl></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The login shell was changed from <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/bin/sh</tt> to <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/usr/local/bin/bash</tt> to use the <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">bash</b> shell that was previously installed as a package. Do not try to use a shell that does not exist or you will not be able to login. The most common shell used in the BSD-world is the C shell, which can be indicated as <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/bin/tcsh</tt>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The user was also added to the <tt class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt> group to be able to become a superuser with <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> privileges.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">When you are satisfied, press <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> and the User and Group Management menu will redisplay:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ADD-USER4" name="ADD-USER4"></a><b>Figure 2-53. Exit User and Group Management</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/adduser3.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Groups can also be added at this time if specific needs are known. Otherwise, this may be accessed through using <tt class="COMMAND">sysinstall</tt> after installation is completed.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">When you are finished adding users, select <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exit</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to continue the installation.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="ROOTPASS" name="ROOTPASS">2.10.13 Set the <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Password</a></span></h2><pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Message
Now you must set the system manager's password.
This is the password you'll use to log in as "root".
[ OK ]
[ Press enter or space ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to set the <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> password.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The password will need to be typed in twice correctly. Needless to say, make sure you have a way of finding the password if you forget. Notice that the password you type in is not echoed, nor are asterisks displayed.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">New password:
Retype new password :
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The installation will continue after the password is successfully entered.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="EXIT-INST" name="EXIT-INST">2.10.14 Exiting Install</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If you need to configure <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-post.html#NETWORK-SERVICES">additional network services</a> or any other configuration, you can do it at this point or after installation with <tt class="COMMAND">sysinstall</tt>.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Visit the general configuration menu for a chance to set any last
options?
Yes [ No ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ No ]</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> to return to the Main Installation Menu.</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="FINAL-MAIN" name="FINAL-MAIN"></a><b>Figure 2-54. Exit Install</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mainexit.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[X Exit Install]</span> with the arrow keys and press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. You will be asked to confirm exiting the installation:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">User Confirmation Requested
Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot.
[ Yes ] No
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Select <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ Yes ]</span>. If you are booting from the CDROM drive the following message will remind you to remove the disk:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Message
Be sure to remove the media from the drive.
[ OK ]
[ Press enter or space ]
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The CDROM drive is locked until the machine starts to reboot then the disk can be removed from drive (quickly). Press <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[ OK ]</span> to reboot.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The system will reboot so watch for any error messages that may appear, see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-post.html#FREEBSDBOOT">Section 2.10.16</a> for more details.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NETWORK-SERVICES" name="NETWORK-SERVICES">2.10.15 Configure Additional Network Services</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Contributed by</span> Tom Rhodes.</i>Configuring network services can be a daunting task for new users if they lack previous knowledge in this area. Networking, including the Internet, is critical to all modern operating systems including FreeBSD; as a result, it is very useful to have some understanding FreeBSD's extensive networking capabilities. Doing this during the installation will ensure users have some understanding of the various services available to them.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Network services are programs that accept input from anywhere on the network. Every effort is made to make sure these programs will not do anything “harmful”. Unfortunately, programmers are not perfect and through time there have been cases where bugs in network services have been exploited by attackers to do bad things. It is important that you only enable the network services you know that you need. If in doubt it is best if you do not enable a network service until you find out that you do need it. You can always enable it later by re-running <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> or by using the features provided by the <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/etc/rc.conf</tt> file.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting the <span class="GUIMENU" style="font-weight: bold;">Networking</span> option will display a menu similar to the one below:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION" name="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION"></a><b>Figure 2-55. Network Configuration Upper-level</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/net-config-menu1.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The first option, <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Interfaces</span>, was previously covered during the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-post.html#INST-NETWORK-DEV">Section 2.10.1</a>, thus this option can safely be ignored.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">AMD</span> option adds support for the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">BSD</acronym> automatic mount utility. This is usually used in conjunction with the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> protocol (see below) for automatically mounting remote file systems. No special configuration is required here.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">AMD Flags</span> option. When selected, a menu will pop up for you to enter specific <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">AMD</acronym> flags. The menu already contains a set of default options:</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <code class="OPTION">-a</code> option sets the default mount location which is specified here as <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/.amd_mnt</tt>. The <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option specifies the default <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">log</tt> file; however, when <tt class="LITERAL">syslogd</tt> is used all log activity will be sent to the system log daemon. The <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/host</tt> directory is used to mount an exported file system from a remote host, while <tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/net</tt> directory is used to mount an exported file system from an <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">IP</acronym> address. The<tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/etc/amd.map</tt> file defines the default options for <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">AMD</acronym> exports.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Anon FTP</span> option permits anonymous <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">FTP</acronym> connections. Select this option to make this machine an anonymous <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">FTP</acronym> server. Be aware of the security risks involved with this option. Another menu will be displayed to explain the security risks and configuration in depth.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Gateway</span> configuration menu will set the machine up to be a gateway as explained previously. This can be used to unset the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Gateway</span> option if you accidentally selected it during the installation process.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Inetd</span> option can be used to configure or completely disable the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> daemon as discussed above.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Mail</span> option is used to configure the system's default <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym> or Mail Transfer Agent. Selecting this option will bring up the following menu:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="MTA-SELECTION" name="MTA-SELECTION"></a><b>Figure 2-56. Select a default MTA</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/mta-main.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Here you are offered a choice as to which <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym> to install and set as the default. An <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym> is nothing more than a mail server which delivers email to users on the system or the Internet.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Sendmail</span> will install the popular <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sendmail</b> server which is the FreeBSD default. The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Sendmail local</span> option will set <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sendmail</b> to be the default <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym>, but disable its ability to receive incoming email from the Internet. The other options here, <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Postfix</span> and <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Exim</span> act similar to <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Sendmail</span>. They both deliver email; however, some users prefer these alternatives to the <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sendmail</b> <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">After selecting an <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">MTA</acronym>, or choosing not to select an MTA, the network configuration menu will appear with the next option being <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">NFS client</span>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">NFS client</span> option will configure the system to communicate with a server via <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym>. An <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> server makes file systems available to other machines on the network via the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> protocol. If this is a stand-alone machine, this option can remain unselected. The system may require more configuration later; see <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html">Section 29.3</a> for more information about client and server configuration.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Below that option is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">NFS server</span> option, permitting you to set the system up as an <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> server. This adds the required information to start up the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RPC</acronym> remote procedure call services. <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RPC</acronym> is used to coordinate connections between hosts and programs.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Ntpdate</span> option, which deals with time synchronization. When selected, a menu like the one below shows up:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NTPDATE-CONFIG" name="NTPDATE-CONFIG"></a><b>Figure 2-57. Ntpdate Configuration</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/ntp-config.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">From this menu, select the server which is the closest to your location. Selecting a close one will make the time synchronization more accurate as a server further from your location may have more connection latency.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The next option is the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">PCNFSD</acronym> selection. This option will install the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pcnfsd/pkg-descr"><tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">net/pcnfsd</tt></a> package from the Ports Collection. This is a useful utility which provides <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> authentication services for systems which are unable to provide their own, such as Microsoft's <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>® operating system.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Now you must scroll down a bit to see the other options:</span><br />
<div class="FIGURE" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION-CONT" name="NETWORK-CONFIGURATION-CONT"></a><b>Figure 2-58. Network Configuration Lower-level</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/net-config-menu2.png" /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.statd&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.statd</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> utilities are all used for Remote Procedure Calls (<acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RPC</acronym>). The <tt class="COMMAND">rpcbind</tt> utility manages communication between <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> servers and clients, and is required for <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> servers to operate correctly. The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">rpc.statd</b> daemon interacts with the <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">rpc.statd</b> daemon on other hosts to provide status monitoring. The reported status is usually held in the<tt class="FILENAME" style="color: #007a00;">/var/db/statd.status</tt> file. The next option listed here is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">rpc.lockd</span> option, which, when selected, will provide file locking services. This is usually used with <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">rpc.statd</b> to monitor what hosts are requesting locks and how frequently they request them. While these last two options are marvelous for debugging, they are not required for <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">NFS</acronym> servers and clients to operate correctly.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">As you progress down the list the next item here is <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Routed</span>, which is the routing daemon. The <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> utility manages network routing tables, discovers multicast routers, and supplies a copy of the routing tables to any physically connected host on the network upon request. This is mainly used for machines which act as a gateway for the local network. When selected, a menu will be presented requesting the default location of the utility. The default location is already defined for you and can be selected with the <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> key. You will then be presented with yet another menu, this time asking for the flags you wish to pass on to <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">routed</b>. The default is <code class="OPTION">-q</code> and it should already appear on the screen.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Next in line is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">Rwhod</span> option which, when selected, will start the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rwhod</span>(8)</span></a> daemon during system initialization. The <tt class="COMMAND">rwhod</tt> utility broadcasts system messages across the network periodically, or collects them when in “consumer” mode. More information can be found in the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ruptime&sektion=1"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ruptime</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwho&sektion=1"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rwho</span>(1)</span></a> manual pages.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The next to the last option in the list is for the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8"><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> daemon. This is the secure shell server for <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">OpenSSH</b> and it is highly recommended over the standard <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">telnet</b> and <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">FTP</acronym> servers. The <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sshd</b> server is used to create a secure connection from one host to another by using encrypted connections.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Finally there is the <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">TCP Extensions</span> option. This enables the <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">TCP</acronym> Extensions defined in <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RFC</acronym> 1323 and <acronym class="ACRONYM" title="">RFC</acronym> 1644. While on many hosts this can speed up connections, it can also cause some connections to be dropped. It is not recommended for servers, but may be beneficial for stand alone machines.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Now that you have configured the network services, you can scroll up to the very top item which is <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">X Exit</span> and continue on to the next configuration item or simply exit <b class="APPLICATION" style="color: black;">sysinstall</b> in selecting <span class="GUIMENUITEM" style="font-weight: bold;">X Exit</span>twice then <span class="GUIBUTTON" style="background-color: #cfcfcf; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">[X Exit Install]</span>.</span></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="FREEBSDBOOT" name="FREEBSDBOOT">2.10.16 FreeBSD Bootup</a></span></h2><div class="SECT3" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="SECT3" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -3%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="FREEBSDBOOT-I386" name="FREEBSDBOOT-I386">2.10.16.1 FreeBSD/i386 Bootup</a></span></h3><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If everything went well, you will see messages scroll off the screen and you will arrive at a login prompt. You can view the content of the messages by pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Scroll-Lock</b> and using <b class="KEYCAP">PgUp</b> and<b class="KEYCAP">PgDn</b>. Pressing <b class="KEYCAP">Scroll-Lock</b> again will return to the prompt.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The entire message may not display (buffer limitation) but it can be viewed from the command line after logging in by typing <tt class="COMMAND">dmesg</tt> at the prompt.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Login using the username/password you set during installation (<tt class="USERNAME">rpratt</tt>, in this example). Avoid logging in as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> except when necessary.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Typical boot messages (version information omitted):</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Copyright (c) 1992-2002 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz
CPU: AMD-K6(tm) 3D processor (300.68-MHz 586-class CPU)
Origin = "AuthenticAMD" Id = 0x580 Stepping = 0
Features=0x8001bf<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,MCE,CX8,MMX>
AMD Features=0x80000800<SYSCALL,3DNow!>
real memory = 268435456 (262144K bytes)
config> di sn0
config> di lnc0
config> di le0
config> di ie0
config> di fe0
config> di cs0
config> di bt0
config> di aic0
config> di aha0
config> di adv0
config> q
avail memory = 256311296 (250304K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0491000.
Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc049109c.
md0: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1: <VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci0
usb0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
chip1: <VIA 82C586B ACPI interface> at device 7.3 on pci0
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xe800-0xe81f irq 9 at
device 10.0 on pci0
ed0: address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60-0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x1 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
ppbus0: IEEE1284 device found /NIBBLE
Probing for PnP devices on ppbus0:
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master using UDMA33
ad2: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata1-master using UDMA33
acd0: CDROM <DELTA OTC-H101/ST3 F/W by OIPD> at ata0-slave using PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a
swapon: adding /dev/ad0s1b as swap device
Automatic boot in progress...
/dev/ad0s1a: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1a: clean, 48752 free (552 frags, 6025 blocks, 0.9% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1f: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1f: clean, 128997 free (21 frags, 16122 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1g: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1g: clean, 3036299 free (43175 frags, 374073 blocks, 1.3% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1e: filesystem CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1e: clean, 128193 free (17 frags, 16022 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
Doing initial network setup: hostname.
ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::5054::5ff::fede:731b%ed0 prefixlen 64 tentative scopeid 0x1
ether 52:54:05:de:73:1b
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
Additional routing options: IP gateway=YES TCP keepalive=YES
routing daemons:.
additional daemons: syslogd.
Doing additional network setup:.
Starting final network daemons: creating ssh RSA host key
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
cd:76:89:16:69:0e:d0:6e:f8:66:d0:07:26:3c:7e:2d root@k6-2.example.com
creating ssh DSA host key
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
f9:a1:a9:47:c4:ad:f9:8d:52:b8:b8:ff:8c:ad:2d:e6 root@k6-2.example.com.
setting ELF ldconfig path: /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout
starting standard daemons: inetd cron sshd usbd sendmail.
Initial rc.i386 initialization:.
rc.i386 configuring syscons: blank_time screensaver moused.
Additional ABI support: linux.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.
FreeBSD/i386 (k6-2.example.com) (ttyv0)
login: rpratt
Password:
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Generating the RSA and DSA keys may take some time on slower machines. This happens only on the initial boot-up of a new installation. Subsequent boots will be faster.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">If the X server has been configured and a Default Desktop chosen, it can be started by typing <tt class="COMMAND">startx</tt> at the command line.</span></div></div><div class="SECT2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><h2 class="SECT2" style="color: #990000; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -4%; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3626149084831526497&postID=3563177751725323335" id="SHUTDOWN" name="SHUTDOWN">2.10.17 FreeBSD Shutdown</a></span></h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">It is important to properly shutdown the operating system. Do not just turn off power. First, become a superuser by typing <tt class="COMMAND">su</tt> at the command line and entering the <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> password. This will work only if the user is a member of the <tt class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt> group. Otherwise, login as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and use <tt class="COMMAND">shutdown -h now</tt>.</span><br />
<pre class="SCREEN" style="font-family: monospace; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 1ex; padding-left: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; padding-top: 1ex;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">The operating system has halted.
Please press any key to reboot.
</span></pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">It is safe to turn off the power after the shutdown command has been issued and the message “Please press any key to reboot” appears. If any key is pressed instead of turning off the power switch, the system will reboot.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">You could also use the <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> key combination to reboot the system, however this is not recommended during normal operation.</span><br />
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Mohammed Farraghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09861607915978919249noreply@blogger.com0